Optical Module Type Table

Module Type	Data Rate	Fiber Type	Connector	Reach	Notes
SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable)	1 Gbps	Single-mode / Multi-mode	LC	Up to 10 km (SM), 550 m (MM)	Hot-swappable, widely used in enterprise networks
SFP+	10 Gbps	Single-mode / Multi-mode	LC	Up to 80 km (SM), 300 m (MM)	Higher rate than SFP, sensitive to EMI, tighter cage design
XFP	10 Gbps	Single-mode / Multi-mode	LC	Up to 80 km (SM), 300 m (MM)	Larger than SFP+, supports XFI electrical interface, hot-swappable
QSFP+ (Quad SFP+)	40 Gbps	Single-mode / Multi-mode	MPO	Up to 100 m (MM), 10 km (SM)	Aggregates 4 channels, used in data center uplinks
SFP28	25 Gbps	Single-mode / Multi-mode	LC	Up to 10 km (SM)	Next-generation data center networks
QSFP28	100 Gbps	Single-mode / Multi-mode	MPO	Up to 10 km (SM)	Core network infrastructure, high bandwidth
QSFP-DD	400 Gbps	Single-mode / Multi-mode	MPO	Up to 10 km (SM)	Ultra-high-speed networking, next-gen data centers
eSFP	1–10 Gbps	Single-mode / Multi-mode	LC	Varies	Enhanced SFP with monitoring of voltage, temperature, bias current, transmit/receive power

Form Factor: Determines physical size and interface compatibility with networking equipment .
Data Rate: Ranges from 100 Mbps to 400 Gbps, suitable for legacy systems to ultra-high-speed data centers .
Fiber Type: Single-mode (SM) for long-distance, multi-mode (MM) for short-distance applications .
Reach: Distance capability, often extended using CWDM or DWDM for wavelength division multiplexing .
Monitoring & Features: Some modules (e.g., eSFP) support real-time monitoring of optical power, temperature, and bias current .

TOSA/ROSA Components: Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly (TOSA) converts electrical signals to optical signals, while Receiving Optical Sub-Assembly (ROSA) converts optical signals back to electrical signals .
Electrical Interfaces: Modules may use analog NRZ, retimed digital, or CEI interfaces depending on speed and application .
Emerging Standards: CFP2-ACO and COBO modules are designed for coherent optics and on-board applications, supporting flexible bandwidth and high-speed links . This table provides a structured reference for selecting optical modules based on network requirements, ensuring compatibility, performance, and cost optimization.

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